Thursday, August 26, 2021

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Substance Use: Common Drugs Magic Mushrooms

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Substance Use: Common Drugs

Magic Mushrooms

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Magic mushrooms (also called shrooms or mushrooms) are a type of mushroom that contains the drugs psilocybin or psilocin. These drugs cause hallucinations. Psilocybin powder can also come in capsule form. 

You can eat mushrooms in fresh or dried form. Powdered psilocybin can be snorted or injected. Mushrooms can also be:
  • steeped into tea
  • added to cooked foods
  • added to fruit juice (if powdered)

Some mushrooms that look like psilocybin mushrooms are poisonous. If you eat a poisonous mushroom, you could damage your liver or even die.

It is against the law to grow, sell, or carry mushrooms. If you get caught, you could be fined or even go to jail. 

What are the short-term effects of mushrooms?

Mushrooms affect everyone differently depending on:
  • how much you take
  • where you are
  • what you expect
  • your age and weight
  • what you've had to eat around the same time
  • past drug use
  • your personality

You can feel the effects of mushrooms in about 30 minutes and they last about 3 to 6 hours. The effects are strongest (the peak) during the first 3 to 4 hours.

Mushrooms can change the way you see, smell, hear, taste, and touch (e.g., you might think you can see music or hear colours). Your body might feel very heavy or very light. You might feel like you are having a magical or religious experience. While taking mushrooms, you might also:
  • have high blood pressure
  • have a faster heart rate
  • feel dizzy or light-headed
  • shiver and have the chills
  • feel anxious
  • have an upset stomach (nausea) or vomit
  • have a numb tongue and mouth

Sometimes the effects of mushrooms can be overwhelming and scary (a bad trip). If someone is having a bad trip, try to help them with calm reassurance.

What are the long-term effects of mushrooms?

Don’t use mushrooms if you are pregnant. It is not known how mushrooms affect pregnant women and the growing baby. Mushrooms sometimes have other drugs added that can harm your baby.

Taking mushrooms with other drugs or alcohol may increase your risk for other health problems.

Can I develop a tolerance or get addicted to mushrooms?

You can build up a tolerance to mushrooms after using every day for as few as 3 or 4 days. This means you need to take more and more of the drug to get “high” like you did the first time. If you use mushrooms for several days in a row (continuous use), you can develop a complete tolerance. 

If you use mushrooms regularly, you can become mentally dependent on the way mushrooms make you feel.

Often, drug users develop serious personal problems. Using drugs or getting high can become more important than your family and friends. You might continue to use drugs even when you are doing badly at work or school. This can cause money, spiritual, and legal problems. You may lose people who are important to you, lose your job, or get kicked out of school.

For more information and to find an add​iction services office near you, please contact the Addiction & Mental Health 24 hour Helpline at 1-866-332-​2322.

Current as of: August 20, 2019

Author: Poison & Drug Information Service, Alberta Health Services

This material is for information purposes only. It should not be used in place of medical advice, instruction, or treatment. If you have questions, talk with your doctor or appropriate healthcare provider. This information may be printed and distributed without permission for non-profit, education purposes. The content on this page may not be changed without consent of the author. Contact feedback@myhealth.alberta.ca.

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Sunday, August 22, 2021

Body Data. Health and Wellness

 Body Data. Health and Wellness

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Temperature

Pressure. Blood

Weight & Height BMI

Sugar. Blood Glucose

Cholesterol

Heart Beat / Pulse

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COVID-19: List of authorized drugs

 

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Drug and vaccine authorizations for COVID-19: List of authorized drugs, vaccines and expanded indications

Date published: 2021-07-30

Drugs and vaccines that have been authorized by Health Canada for use in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic are listed here.

In the list below, the entry for each authorized drug and vaccine includes the:

  • authorization holder
  • brand name, proper name or common name, linked to the rationale for authorizing the product for use against COVID-19
  • medicinal ingredient(s), strength, dosage form and route of administration
  • drug identification number (DIN), linked to the entry for the product in the Drug Product Database, which includes the product monograph
  • therapeutic area (using the World Health Organization's coding system)
  • Health Canada's control number for the application
  • date of authorization
  • how the drug or vaccine was authorized

In the "authorization" column, there are 4 possible scenarios for each drug or vaccine:

  • The product was submitted by the company to Health Canada and authorized under the Food and Drug Regulations
  • The product was submitted by the company for review under section 3 of the interim order and authorized
  • The product was submitted by the company for review under section 4 of the interim order and authorized
  • The product was added to the List of New Drugs for Expanded Indication in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic by Health Canada, under section 15 of the interim order
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Saturday, August 21, 2021

Dietary fiber

 


Dietary fiber

Dietary fiber (British spelling fibre) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes.[1] Dietary fibers are diverse in chemical composition, and can be grouped generally by their solubility, viscosity, and fermentability, which affect how fibers are processed in the body.[2] Dietary fiber has two main components: soluble fiber and insoluble fiber, which are components of plant foods, such as legumes, whole grains and cereals, vegetables, fruits, and nuts or seeds.[2][3] A diet high in regular fiber consumption is generally associated with supporting health and lowering the risk of several diseases.[2][4]

Foods rich in fibers: fruits, vegetables and grains
Wheat bran has a high content of dietary fiber.

Food sources of dietary fiber have traditionally been divided according to whether they provide soluble or insoluble fiber. Plant foods contain both types of fiber in varying amounts, according to the fiber characteristics of viscosity and fermentability.[1][5] Advantages of consuming fiber depend upon which type of fiber is consumed and which benefits may result in the gastrointestinal system.[6] Bulking fibers – such as cellulose, hemicellulose and psyllium – absorb and hold water, promoting regularity.[7] Viscous fibers – such as beta-glucan and psyllium – thicken the fecal mass.[7] Fermentable fibers – such as resistant starch and inulin – feed the bacteria and microbiota of the large intestine, and are metabolized to yield short-chain fatty acids, which have diverse roles in gastrointestinal health.[8][9]

Soluble fiber (fermentable fiber or prebiotic fiber) – which dissolves in water – is generally fermented in the colon into gases and physiologically active by-products, such as short-chain fatty acids produced in the colon by gut bacteria. Examples are beta-glucans (in oats, barley, and mushrooms) and raw guar gum. Psyllium – a soluble, viscous, nonfermented fiber – is a bulking fiber that retains water as it moves through the digestive system, easing defecation. Soluble fiber is generally viscous and delays gastric emptying which, in humans, can result in an extended feeling of fullness.[2] Inulin (in chicory root), wheat dextrin, oligosaccharides, and resistant starches[10] (in legumes and bananas), are soluble non-viscous fibers.[2] Regular intake of soluble fibers, such as beta-glucans from oats or barley, has been established to lower blood levels of LDL cholesterol, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.[2][4][11]

Insoluble fiber – which does not dissolve in water – is inert to digestive enzymes in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Examples are wheat bran, cellulose, and lignin. Coarsely ground insoluble fiber triggers the secretion of mucus in the large intestine, providing bulking. Finely ground insoluble fiber does not have this effect and can actually have a constipating effect.[2] Some forms of insoluble fiber, such as resistant starches, can be fermented in the colon.[12]

Dietary fiber consists of non-starch polysaccharides and other plant components such as cellulose, resistant starch, resistant dextrins, inulin, lignins, chitins (in fungi), pectins, beta-glucans, and oligosaccharides.[2][1][3]

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